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new martyr
The title of New Martyr or Neomartyr ((ギリシア語:νεο)-, ''neo'', the prefix for "new"; and μάρτυς, ''martys'', "witness") of the Eastern Orthodox Church was originally given to martyrs who died under heretical rulers (the original martyrs being under pagans). Later the Church added to the list those martyred under Islam and various modern regimes, especially Communist ones, which espoused state atheism. Officially, the era of the New Martyrs begins with the fall of Constantinople in 1453. Among those commemorated are not only those who gave their lives in martyrdom, but also those who are accounted as confessors for the Orthodox Faith.
Some New Martyrs are anonymous or known with non-Christian names, as they died without being officially baptized. According to the Orthodox belief, they were baptized in their own blood when executed.
== New Martyrs under Ottoman rule ==
The first new martyrs were recorded after the Seljuk invasion of Asia Minor (11th century). In the Orthodox Church, the third Sunday after Pentecost is known as the "Commemoration of All New Martyrs of the Turkish Yoke."
*Ahmed the Calligrapher〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ahmed the Calligrapher )〕 or ''Ahmed Kalfas''〔(Saint Ahmed, ''Synaxaristes'' (Compedium) ''of Neomartyrs'', editions "Orthodoxos Kypsele" (Orthodox Bee-hive) )〕)
*Akylina of Chalkidike
*Anthimos the Georgian
*Athanasios the Neomartyr
*Boris the Pomak
*Chrestos the Albanian
*Chrysostomos of Smyrna
*Constantin Brâncoveanu
*Constantine Hagarit
*Cosmas of Aetolia
*Cyril VI of Constantinople, ethnomartyr
*Demetrios Doukas
*Demetrios of Philadelphia
*Demetrios the Neomartyr
*Gabriel I of Pec
*Patriarch Gabriel II of Constantinople
*George of Ioannina
*George the New
*George of Kratovo (d. 1515)
*Gregory V of Constantinople
*Hasan
*(John Calphas ("the Apprentice") )
*John of Ioannina, a.k.a. John the Tailor
*John the New of Suceava
*Makarios the Monk
*Michael Mavroudis
*Niketas the Young
*Paisius and Habakkuk
*Panteleimon Dousa
*(Paul of Constantinople ), April 6/19, 1683
*Paul the Russian
*Philothei
*Theocharis of Nevsehir (Neapoli)
*Teodor of Vršac
*Theodore Gabras
*Theodore of Komogovina
*Thomas Paschidis
*Zlata of Meglen
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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